What is politics according to Aristotle?
Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, had a profound impact on the study of politics and political philosophy. His understanding of politics is deeply rooted in his broader philosophical framework, which encompasses ethics, metaphysics, and the natural sciences. According to Aristotle, politics is not merely about governance or the exercise of power, but rather a means to achieve the highest form of human flourishing, known as eudaimonia. This article will explore Aristotle’s definition of politics, its purpose, and its implications for understanding the human condition.
In the opening pages of his seminal work, “Politics,” Aristotle defines politics as the science of the highest good. He argues that the purpose of politics is to provide the conditions necessary for individuals to live virtuous and fulfilling lives. For Aristotle, politics is not a mere abstraction but is intricately connected to the human experience. He believes that politics is a natural extension of human nature, as humans are inherently social creatures who seek to live in community with others.
According to Aristotle, the state (polis) is the highest form of community, and the goal of politics is to create a harmonious and just society. The state is not an end in itself, but rather a means to achieve the common good. Aristotle distinguishes between different forms of political association, such as families, friendships, and the state, with the state being the most complex and comprehensive of these communities.
In order to understand what is politics according to Aristotle, it is essential to consider his concept of the polis. The polis is a community characterized by a common territory, a common legal system, and a common culture. Aristotle believed that the polis is essential for the development of human potential, as it provides the framework for individuals to cultivate virtue and pursue eudaimonia.
Aristotle’s definition of politics also encompasses the idea of justice. He argues that justice is the fairest form of distribution of goods and services among members of the community. According to Aristotle, justice is not merely a matter of legal rules and regulations but is deeply connected to virtue. A just society is one in which individuals are treated fairly and have the opportunity to develop their talents and achieve their full potential.
Aristotle’s understanding of politics has several implications for the study of political philosophy. First, it emphasizes the importance of the individual within the political community. Second, it highlights the role of virtue in political life, suggesting that political leaders and citizens must cultivate moral character. Third, it underscores the significance of the common good, reminding us that politics is not about the interests of a few but about the welfare of the entire community.
In conclusion, what is politics according to Aristotle is a multifaceted concept that encompasses the pursuit of human flourishing, the creation of a harmonious and just society, and the cultivation of virtue. Aristotle’s political philosophy continues to be relevant today, as it challenges us to consider the purpose of politics and the role of the individual within the political community.
