Why is Political Science Called Science?
Political science, as a field of study, has often been called “science” despite the fact that it deals with human behavior and social phenomena rather than the natural world. This naming raises the question: why is political science referred to as a science? The answer lies in the methodologies and approaches used by political scientists to understand and explain political processes, institutions, and behaviors. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind this naming and discuss how political science fulfills the criteria that define it as a science.
Firstly, political science employs systematic and empirical methods to investigate political phenomena. Just like natural sciences, political scientists use data collection, analysis, and testing to develop theories and explanations. This systematic approach allows political science to produce reliable and replicable results, which is a hallmark of scientific inquiry. For instance, political scientists may conduct surveys, experiments, and case studies to gather data on political behavior, electoral systems, and policy outcomes.
Secondly, political science is characterized by the development of theories that aim to explain and predict political events and trends. These theories are based on empirical evidence and logical reasoning, similar to the theories in the natural sciences. Political scientists use these theories to understand the causes and consequences of political phenomena, such as the rise of democracy, the effectiveness of international organizations, and the factors influencing public opinion.
Thirdly, political science is concerned with the objective study of political phenomena, aiming to be value-free and unbiased. While political scientists may have personal beliefs and values, their primary goal is to analyze and interpret political phenomena based on evidence and reason. This objective approach is essential for political science to be considered a science, as it allows for the evaluation of political theories and policies based on their merit rather than personal opinions.
Moreover, political science is an interdisciplinary field that draws on other scientific disciplines, such as economics, psychology, and sociology, to enhance its understanding of political phenomena. This interdisciplinarity allows political scientists to apply various methodologies and perspectives to their research, thereby enriching the field and contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of politics.
Lastly, political science has a long history of rigorous academic debate and the publication of peer-reviewed research. This tradition of academic discourse and the dissemination of knowledge through journals and conferences are essential components of the scientific process. By engaging in this process, political scientists contribute to the cumulative knowledge of the field, just as scientists in other disciplines do.
In conclusion, political science is called a science because it employs systematic and empirical methods, develops theories based on evidence and logic, maintains an objective approach, draws on interdisciplinary knowledge, and engages in rigorous academic debate. While political science deals with complex human behaviors and social phenomena, its adherence to scientific principles and methodologies allows it to be recognized as a science in its own right.
