What to Do If There Is No Author in APA Format
When citing a source in APA format, it is generally required to include the author’s name in the reference list. However, there are instances where the author’s name is not available. In such cases, it is essential to follow the appropriate guidelines to ensure the accuracy and integrity of your citation. This article will provide a step-by-step guide on what to do if there is no author in APA format.
1. Start with the Title
If the source does not have an author, begin the reference list entry with the title of the work. Ensure that the title is placed in quotation marks and capitalized according to APA style. For example:
“Title of the Work”
2. Include the Publication Date
Next, include the publication date of the source. If the date is not available, use “n.d.” (no date) in parentheses. For example:
“Title of the Work” (n.d.).
3. Specify the Source Type
Identify the type of source you are citing, such as a book, journal article, or website. Include the appropriate APA format abbreviation for the source type after the publication date. For example:
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Book.
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Journal article.
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Website.
4. Provide the Publisher or Producer
If the source has a publisher or producer, include their name after the source type abbreviation. For example:
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Book. Publisher.
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Journal article. Publisher.
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Website. Producer.
5. Add the URL or DOI
For online sources, include the URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier) in parentheses at the end of the reference list entry. If the source does not have a DOI, use the URL. For example:
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Website. Producer. Retrieved from www.example.com
“Title of the Work” (n.d.). Website. Producer. DOI: 10.1234/xyz
6. In-text Citation
When citing the source in your text, use the author’s name in parentheses if it is available. If not, use the title of the work instead. For example:
According to “Title of the Work” (n.d.), the findings suggest…
In conclusion, when citing a source with no author in APA format, follow these steps to ensure a proper citation. By adhering to these guidelines, you can maintain the accuracy and consistency of your academic writing.
