Are F1 students legally authorized to work in the US?
F1 students, who are enrolled in academic programs at U.S. institutions, often wonder about their legal status regarding employment. The answer to this question is both complex and multifaceted, as it involves various regulations and exceptions. In this article, we will explore the legal authorization for F1 students to work in the United States.
Legal Authorization for F1 Students to Work in the US
Yes, F1 students are legally authorized to work in the U.S., but with certain restrictions and conditions. According to the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), F1 students are allowed to work on campus for up to 20 hours per week during the academic year and full-time during holidays and breaks. This type of employment is known as on-campus employment.
On-Campus Employment
On-campus employment refers to work that is directly related to the student’s academic program and is performed at the institution where the student is enrolled. Examples of on-campus employment include teaching assistantships, research assistantships, and work-study positions. To engage in on-campus employment, students must obtain a job offer from their educational institution and obtain a written authorization from the school’s designated school official (DSO).
Off-Campus Employment
While on-campus employment is straightforward, off-campus employment for F1 students is subject to more stringent regulations. There are two types of off-campus employment for F1 students: Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT).
Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
CPT is authorized by the student’s educational institution and is directly related to the student’s academic program. It can be part-time or full-time and is available during the academic year, as well as during the summer and winter breaks. To qualify for CPT, the student must have completed at least one academic year of study and obtain a recommendation from their academic advisor.
Optional Practical Training (OPT)
OPT is a 12-month period of employment that allows F1 students to work in the U.S. after completing their academic program. There are two types of OPT: pre-completion and post-completion. Pre-completion OPT can be used while the student is still enrolled in school, but the total duration of pre-completion OPT cannot exceed 12 months. Post-completion OPT can be used after the student has completed their academic program and must be used within 60 days of the program’s end date.
Employment Authorization Document (EAD)
To legally work in the U.S., F1 students must obtain an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The EAD is a plastic card that serves as proof of the student’s authorization to work in the U.S. The process of obtaining an EAD may vary depending on the type of employment and the student’s circumstances.
Conclusion
In conclusion, F1 students are legally authorized to work in the U.S., but under specific conditions and regulations. Understanding these regulations is crucial for students to ensure they comply with the requirements and avoid any legal issues. By exploring the options of on-campus employment, CPT, and OPT, F1 students can enhance their educational experience and gain valuable work experience in the U.S.
